Understanding the cost for a 401(k) provider can be confusing, with a wide variety of plans available and flexibility and complexity in fee structures. It’s essential to be diligent and thorough when evaluating 401(k) provider options.
What is a 401(k)?
A retirement program, typically a 401(k) plan, is a cornerstone of a comprehensive employee benefits plan offering and will help companies attract and retain exceptional employees.
Additionally, with tax advantages for both the participant and employer, 401(k) plans can be a sound business decision for many companies.
There are usually two categories of services provided with any 401(k) plan, plan administration or investment management.
Plan administration includes services such as:
- Recordkeeping – Responsible for keeping track of contributions, earnings, and investments on a participant level
- Custodial trustee – Responsible for holding plan assets in a trust and executing trades
- Third-party Administration (TPA) – Completes plan design and annual ERISA compliance (From 5500, plan document maintenance, testing, participant notices)
Investment management services include:
- Plan-level services – Selecting a fund lineup for participants to choose from
- Participant-level services – Assisting participants in choosing investments for their account
You may also consider 401(k) service providers who provide multiple services for a single fee, often called “bundled services.”
Today, small and large companies that want to offer their employees 401(k) retirement plans have several options to quickly and efficiently get one up and running. With numerous providers, costs have dropped dramatically, along with bundled services like recordkeeping and plan administration.
About this Guide
The purpose of this guide is to provide employers with the basic information needed to coordinate the selection of a provider for your 401(k)-retirement plan.
This guide is designed to help you navigate the buying process for the 401(k) providers and enable your organization to:
- Make informed investment decisions;
- Plan the buying process by using an actionable set of tools and resources;
- Find a provider that handles all desired aspects of plan administration – Taxes, administration, investing, and customer service;
- Encourage employee participation;
- Reduce legal liability;
- Compare services offered and the related total costs;
Steps For Selecting a 401(k) Provider:
Phase 1: Identify & Prepare
Too many employers shop for 401(k) service providers backward – they dive headfirst into shopping before they understand their options. Without identifying, preparing, and knowing your options, it is easy for 401(k) providers to sell unnecessary or overpriced services resulting in personal liability for 401(k) fiduciaries.
1) Understand Your Role
The first step is simple but crucial to an effective start to the selection process.
Begin by understanding what “fiduciary” means and what are your legal responsibilities as an employer.
Fiduciaries must act in the sole interest of plan participants.
This involves ensuring that the plan adheres to the law and governing plan documents, has reasonable fees, and offers diversified investments. Once you understand your role and responsibilities to the plan’s participants, you can better manage the complexities and obligations of selecting a 401(k) provider.
2) Map Out Your Timeline
Tax laws and regulations provide strict guidelines for all 401(k) plans to follow. Thus, when comparing providers, you should consider the investments, features/services, flexibility in plan design, and overall financial stability and structure.
Your company’s procurement processes, objectives, and time will heavily influence the time it takes to select a provider, but a general guideline is to allow 60-to-90 days.
3) Inventory and document your existing program
Is a 401(k) program a new venture for your organization?
If so, allow yourself more time to work through the learning curve, and consider hiring an expert to help you. Are you replacing an existing solution?
Clearly inventory and document your current program’s features and functionality on measurable criteria such as:
- Cost
- Participant engagement
- Investment performance
- Fiduciary and compliance support
- Employee and administration support
4) Understand Your Plan
Review your organization’s plan documents, read and consult with financial experts to ensure you understand the provisions of your plan, the operational procedures, and how the plan design fits within the organization’s objectives.
Consider what services you lack for your plan – legal, accounting, recordkeeping, trustee, investment management, investment education, or advice.
By understanding all the services that compose a 401(k) plan, you can quickly determine for which of those services you will need professional assistance.
5) Identify your current and future goals
Pinpoint areas that aren’t working or are missing, and identify preferred changes with a new provider partner.
However, don’t forget to document what IS working, lest you lose that with your new provider. Having a defined list of criteria and outlining your “must-haves” and “nice-to-haves” will be invaluable as you undertake the evaluation process.
6) Figure out priorities for employees
Low utilization and employee participation signals discontent or indifference to your current 401(k) plan.
Each employee’s financial situation and goals are different, and employers must remember the importance of personal context. Employee satisfaction surveys can reveal why your employees aren’t using this benefit and what is lacking in the current plan.
Once you narrow down what is missing, you can request changes from your current provider – or look for another provider that can better meet the needs of your employees.
7) Consult with key internal stakeholders
In addition to evaluating employee needs, consider the priorities of your human resources, payroll, and legal experts to ensure their needs are met. They may be involved directly in the selection process or just on the sidelines, but ensure you keep their objectives top of mind as you go through the evaluation process.
8) Be mindful of performance
Another factor to consider is the performance of your investments.
While you shouldn’t switch providers solely due to short-term market volatility and fluctuations, it might be time to explore other options if you aren’t continuously happy with the investment performance or diversity.
Wise investment choices should generate long-term returns against industry benchmarks, so if you notice consistent below-average performance, consider changing 401(k) providers.
Strategic Questions for Identifying & Preparing:
- As the employer, what kind of role do I want in this process?
- What kind of investment options do I want my employees to have?
- Do I want my employees to invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or individual investments? Are there diversified investment options?
- How much am I prepared to contribute on behalf of each employee?
- What services are included in the current plan? Which services am I paying for extra? Are there any additional fees that come up annually in addition to the base fees?
- If administrative services are paid separately from investment management fees, are they paid for by the plan or employer, or are they shared?
- What fees are my employees expected to pay, and is that acceptable?
- Can a new plan be designed and implemented within an acceptable time period?
- What kind of service level and support am I seeking from my provider?
- Is it essential that my provider helps employees set up their plans? What type of investment education is available under the provider’s plan?
Phase 2: Compare & Evaluate
Once you’ve decided which professional services you need for your 401(k) plan, you are ready to start shopping for service providers.
While comparing and interviewing service providers, confirm they deliver the services you want and obtain their “all-in” fee for these services. After contacting multiple prospects, compare their prices and services.
During the second phase, aim to determine if the providers offer low costs, help for your employees, and a tech-friendly platform to minimize manual work for you.
1) Keep your needs top-of-mind
401(k) providers come in all shapes and sizes, from well-established financial heavyweights to tech-focused newer entrants and everything in between.
Some focus on smaller companies, and others focus on medium- or large-sized businesses. Your company culture and requirements will likely guide you in a specific direction.
However, if you have the flexibility, we encourage you to evaluate several different types of providers to get a complete understanding of the landscape.
2) Compare multiple service providers
There are many types of firms providing a variety of 401(k) services. When you’re just starting out, there are some ways to start your research:
- Perusing lists of 401(k) providers
- Asking for recommendations from your industry peers
- Browsing financial blogs
- Visiting an industry trade show
- Talking with providers. Tip: If you find a provider you like, ask them who their key competitors are.
3) Evaluate multiple options
Be sure to review your list of current providers, especially those with whom you have a successful relationship. Your financial institutions likely offer 401(k) programs, and many payroll providers and insurance brokers do.
The best practice is to review all investment options and consider things like how many options participants are given, if there is too much or too little choice, and if the fees involved are comparable to others.
4) Solicit pricing from the plan providers
Present each potential service provider with identical and complete information regarding the service needs of your plan.
Next, you should ask for formal bids from the providers that seem best suited to your needs. Additionally, it is good practice to ask each prospective 401(k) provider to specify which services are covered in their estimated fees and which are not.
Keep in mind that when you decide to start a 401(k) plan at your company, you’ll likely have a one-time initial fee to set it up. This fee covers activities like setting up the new plan and educating your employees about the plans, and you can expect to pay anywhere between $500 to $2,000.
5) Check references
Once you start to narrow down your search, you may want to verify that the company has a good reputation.
This includes:
- Researching the company’s reviews
- Vendor expertise (understanding client’s needs, following tax changes, and adjusting to market conditions)
- Check the company’s history and reputation
- See whether it is financially healthy and their average assets
- Compliance ensured
- A complete breakdown of all fees
- Good customer service, education, and plan choices
6) Assess data risks
With so much employee information stored online, you must ensure that your retirement provider has adequate data security, as retirement plan data is of the utmost importance.
Service providers must have adequate documentation of their data security measures, like a plan to store and protect participants’ data and procedures to follow in the event of unauthorized access.
7) Pay attention to the support
Consider the level of service and support you receive during the evaluation phase, as often it is an indication of what you and your employees will receive from the 401(k) provider.
Consider things like:
- How responsive is the call center? Is it an automated response, or are you getting help from an experienced advisor?
- How well does the website work?
- What is the overall experience for both the employee and employer?
In the end, be mindful of the whole picture – find a provider that can offer support for basic customer service issues and proactive compliance communications.
8) Check their licensing
If your retirement service provider must be licensed (accountants, attorneys, investment managers, or advisors), check with federal and state licensing authorities to confirm the vendor has an up-to-date license and whether there are any pending complaints against the provider.
9) Document the selection process
Even if you hire a retirement plan professional or a financial institution to manage the plan, you, as an employer, retain some fiduciary responsibility for the decision to select and keep an entity as the plan’s service provider.
Therefore, you should document the evaluation activities and prepare a written record of the process you followed in reviewing potential providers. Include the reasons for your selection of a particular provider.
Note: Plan fiduciaries are not required to pick the least costly provider, as the cost is only one factor in the selection process.
Desired Services | Description |
Administrative services |
|
Participant-focused services
|
|
Regulatory and compliance services |
|
Sources: Investment Company Institute, US Department of Labor, and Internal Revenue Service
Phase 3. Identify the Winner & Contract
You’ve gone through a thorough discovery and shopping process, and you’re ready to move forward with a decision!
Congratulations!
Key milestones here include:
1) Notify the winning provider
Notify the winning provider to whom you’ve decided to ward your business. Take time to map out the following steps and prepare to finalize the contract.
2) Finalize Pricing
Before you sign any contracts with the service providers, ensure you understand the terms of the agreement and all fees and expenses associated with the contracts. Specifically, understand what obligations you have, and the provider has under the agreement and whether the fees and expenses charged to you and your employees are reasonable and in line with the initial discussions.
3) Adopt a Written Document
The DOL and IRS require that a plan must be in writing.
Your practices and procedures must conform to your plan documents, so you should understand the document’s provisions thoroughly. According to the IRS, the written document serves as the foundation of your day-to-day plan operations. Most commonly, your 401(k)-plan administrator handles this paperwork and will cover topics like:
- Plan Definitions
- Eligibility Rules
- Contribution Types Allowed
- Investments of Contributions
- Loans, withdrawals and distribution availability
4) Receive service commitment
As an employer, you should also receive a commitment from your 401(k)-service provider to get regular information regarding the services it provides.
Phase 4. Conversion, Implementation and Beyond
You have finally reached the final hurdle to implementing and setting up your 401(k) plan. While it may seem like the hard work is finished, the truth is that this phase is critical to a successful project.
These steps will help things stay on track:
1) Communicate all plan changes to your staff
As an employer, you are required to notify all eligible employees and beneficiaries about the 401(k) plan and any changes or updates.
A summary plan description (SPD) is typically created with the plan document that is sent to all plan participants, informing them of the plan and how it operates.
Furthermore, to increase the effectiveness of your company’s 401(k), you can provide employees with information to emphasize your plan’s importance, advantages, and tax benefits.
2) Begin the conversion process
If you are switching providers, keep in mind that you can’t terminate your current plan and start a new one. Instead, your new provider will administer your current plan – this process is commonly called a “plan conversion.”
Finalizing the plan conversion usually takes about 60-90 days to complete, starting right after you sign a new services agreement.
3) Plan education
Effective communication and education are essential at this stage.
Help employees understand how to work with your record keeper and manage their accounts wisely. Many providers offer educational materials that teach employees how to utilize their retirement plans better.
In addition, if your provider offers any digital tools, like calculators, or mobile apps, make sure to promote their use.
4) Continuous Monitoring
While you might think your job is finished once you implement the new plan, keeping an eye on any signs of trouble is important.
Regularly monitor the performance of your 401(k) service providers and ensure they are providing the services in a manner consistent with the agreements.
You should also review participant activity for any comments or complaints about the services or be on the lookout for behaviors that may jeopardize their retirement security, such as taking out more loans or withdrawing money from their plans.
Conclusion
Offering a 401(k) sends a clear message to your workers that you care – and are willing to invest in – their future. Although getting started with evaluating 401(k) provider options isn’t easy, this guide can help equip your organization with the knowledge for a successful selection and implementation process.
